Hiring Institution
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique – CELIA

PhD-Awarding Institutions
Université de Bordeaux
University of New South Wales (UNSW)

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Option 1

Theoretical and experimental study targeting laser-driven nuclear interactions: focus on energy production

Almost all efforts to realize fusion-based energy generation involve thermally fusing two isotopes of hydrogen – deuterium with tritium (DT fusion). Due to recent advances in laser technology – and in particular chirped pulsed amplification (CPA) – it is now believed that a viable, although difficult, path to fusion can rest on the fusion of hydrogen (H) with boron (B). The HB fusion reaction possesses the key advantage that it is aneutronic i.e. that it does not release energetic neutrons. This would virtually eliminate the deleterious environmental impact associated with neutron radiation (activation of material) and overall greatly enhance operational safety and drastically reduce production of radioactive waste.

The key to unlock the potential of HB fusion is to move away from thermal equilibrium by providing to the reactants the kinetic energy necessary for fusion not through thermal motion but through electromagnetic field acceleration. At the core of both the theoretical and the simulation models is the Boltzmann Transport Equation (BTE) which describes the statistical behaviour of a thermodynamic system out of equilibrium. As it stands, a large body of more or less disparate work exists but is yet to be integrated into an actual framework that could guide reactor design or optimise fusion yield. This research project seeks to look for additional experimental data, to federate existing theoretical contributions, to implement them in code when appropriate and to validate them experimentally.

This project is in experimental collaboration with the Centro de Laseres PUlsados (CLPU), Salamanca, Spain and HB11 Energy Pty Ltd, Sydney, Australia.

Option 2

Theoretical and experimental study of laser-driven nuclear interactions: focus on radio-isotopes production

Almost all efforts to realise fusion-based energy generation involve thermally fusing two isotopes of hydrogen – deuterium with tritium (DT fusion). Due to recent advances in laser technology – and in particular chirped pulsed amplification (CPA) – it is now believed that a viable, although difficult, path to fusion can rest on the fusion of hydrogen (H) with boron (B). The HB fusion reaction possesses the key advantage that it is aneutronic i.e. that it does not release energetic neutrons but rather high-energy alpha particles. In addition to nuclear fusion for energy, and on a shorter time scale, such alpha particles could eb sued for the generation of radioisotopes of medical interest.

While petawatt laser systems have already been used for fusion experiments providing interesting results, a strong need exists to develop theoretical and simulation models needed for optimizing the process of particle generation and for allowing the development of a future generation of radioisotope sources of medical interest. As it stands, a large body of more or less disparate work exists but is yet to be integrated into an actual framework that could guide the experimental development. This research project seeks to look for additional experimental data, to federate existing theoretical contributions, to implement them in code when appropriate and to validate them experimentally.

This project is in collaboration with the Centro de Laseres PUlsados (CLPU), Salamanca, Spain and HB11 Energy Pty Ltd, Sydney, Australia.

Option 3

Theoretical and experimental study of laser-driven nuclear interactions: Harmonising and generalising simulation models

The Monte-Carlo (MC), Particle-in-Cell (PIC) and Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) methods are commonly used to tackle the simulation of system out of equilibrium such as those founds in astrophysics. The same approaches can be used to study laser-induced fusion reactions whose evolution is described by the (relativistic) Boltzmann Transport Equation (BTE). Solving the BTE in this context is a daunting task as it must take into account: (1) the creation of new atomics species caused by the fusion reactions, (2) the strength of non-homogenous electromagnetic gradient fields and (3) potential avalanche effects.

As it stands, a large body of more or less disparate work exists mixing and matching the various simulation approaches but an actual framework that could guide reactor design and optimise fusion yield is yet to be assembled. This research project seeks to look for additional experimental data, to federate existing theoretical contributions, to implement them in code when appropriate and to validate them experimentally.

This project is in collaboration with the Centro de Laseres PUlsados (CLPU), Salamanca, Spain and HB11 Energy Pty Ltd, Sydney, Australia.

Gerard Malka
Dimitri Batani
François Ladouceur

Nuclear engineering, plasma physics, photonics